Isolation and Characterization of Porcine Sapelovirus from the PDCoV-Positive Sample and Its Molecular Epidemiology in Henan Province, China

Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is an emerging swine enteric virus that can cause various disorders including acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, reproductive failure, and polioencephalomyelitis in pigs. In this study, we isolated a PSV strain HNHB-01 from a clinical porcine deltacoronavirus- (PDCoV-) positive intestinal content of a diarrheic piglet. PSV was first identified using the small RNA deep sequencing and assembly, and further identified by the electron microscopic observation and the immunofluorescence assay. Subsequently, this virus was serially passaged in swine testis (ST) cells, and the complete genomics of PSV HNHB-01 passage 5 (P5), P30, P60, and P100 were sequenced and analyzed. 9 nucleotide mutations and 7 amino acid changes occurred in the PSV HNHB-01 P100 strain when compared with the PSV HNHB-01 P5. Pathogenicity investigation showed that orally inoculation of PSV HNHB-01 P30 could cause obvious clinical symptoms and had broad tissue tropism in 5-day-old piglets. Epidemiological investigation revealed that PSV infections and the coinfections of diarrhea coronaviruses were highly prevalent in swine herds. The complete genomes of 8 representative PSV epidemic strains were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the PSV epidemic strains were closely related to other PSV reference strains that located in the Chinese clade. Furthermore, recombination analysis revealed that the recombination events were occurred in downstream of the 2C region in our sequenced PSV HNNY-02/CHN/2018 strain. Our results provided theoretical basis for future research studies of the pathogenic mechanism, evolutionary characteristics, and the development of vaccines against PSV.

Comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants with two high-throughput sequencing platforms

Whole-genome sequencing of upper respiratory tract specimens from patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Henan Province was performed to compare the performance of the Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing platforms, thus providing a reference for whole-genome monitoring of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Ten samples from COVID-19 cases in Henan Province from June 2021 to January 2022 were collected and sequenced with Illumina and Nanopore high-through-put sequencing technology to obtain full genome sequences of the novel coronavirus, which were compared with the Wuhan reference sequence (Wuhan-Hu-1). Bioinformatics software (CLC) was used for sequence alignment analysis. Three of the ten samples were Omicron (BA.1) variants with 55,61 nucleotide variation sites. One sample was an Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant with 41 nucleotide variation sites. Six samples were Delta (8.1.617.2) variants with 35,42,47 nucleotide variation sites. The sequence identity of mutation sites in six samples was 100%, and the mutation sites in the S genome segment of seven samples were consistent. For samples with a Ct value < 33, both next-generation and third-generation sequencing achieved high genome coverage and sequencing depth. A significant difference in coverage was observed between second-generation sequencing and third-generation sequencing (t=-2.037, P < 0.06). However, the coverage at different time points of the third-generation sequencing did not significantly differ (F=2.498, P > 0.05). The needs for SARS-CoV-2 mutant detection could be met through use of either high-throughput sequencing platform. The identification of mutations in the novel coronavirus through Illumina high-throughput sequencing was more accurate, whereas Nanopore high-throughput sequencing technology could be used for rapid detection and typing of different novel coronaviruses.

Causes of the unexpected slowness in reducing winter PM2.5 for 2014-2018 in Henan Province.

Toughest-ever clean air actions in China have been implemented nationwide to improve air quality. However, it was unexpected that from 2014 to 2018, the observed wintertime PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm) concentrations showed an insignificant decrease in Henan Province (HNP), a region in the west of the North China Plain. Emission controls seem to have failed to improve winter air quality in HNP, which has caused great confusion in formulating the next air improvement strategy. We employed a deweathering technique to decouple the impact of meteorological conditions. The results showed that the deweathered PM2.5 trend was -3.3%/yr in winter from 2014 to 2018, which had a larger decrease than the observed concentrations (-0.9%/yr), demonstrating that emission reduction was effective at improving air quality. However, compared with the other two megacity clusters, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) (-8.4%/yr) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) (-7.4%/yr), the deweathered decreasing trend of PM2.5 for HNP remained slow. The underlying mechanism driving the changes in PM2.5 and its chemical components was further explored, using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). Model simulations indicated that nitrate dominated the increase of PM2.5 components in HNP and the proportions of nitrate to total PM2.5 increased from 22.4% in January 2015 to 39.7% in January 2019. There are two primary reasons for this phenomenon. One is the limited control of nitrogen oxide emissions, which facilitates the conversion of nitric acid to particulate nitrate by ammonia. The other is unfavourable meteorological conditions, particularly increasing humidity, further enhancing nitrate formation through multiphase reactions. This study highly emphasizes the importance of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions owing to their impact on the formation of particulate nitrate in China, especially in the HNP region.

COVID-19 Pandemic Reveals Distinct Impact of Aerosols on Surface Solar Radiation in China

With the abrupt and significant drop of PM2.5 concentrations during the lockdown in 2020, hourly direct radiation (Rdir) at surface substantially increased in East China, such as Zhengzhou, Wuhan and Baoshan, with the maximum enhancement of 86% at Wuhan. Most of these stations had decreased diffuse radiation (Rdif) except Zhengzhou. Zhengzhou had both enhanced Rdir and Rdif, as well as reduced but still high PM2.5 concentrations, indicating atmospheric particles were more scattering in this region. At Beijing and Harbin in North and Northeast China, intensification of aerosol pollution led to hourly Rdir (Rdif) falling (rising) up to −28% (59%) and −23% (40%), respectively. By contrast, surface solar radiation (SSR) in West China was also greatly influenced by the elevated dust/smoke layers, revealed by aerosol layer vertical distribution and the reduction of SSR and PM2.5 concentrations. This study highlighted the importance of aerosol optical properties and vertical structures in aerosol–radiation interactions. © 2023. The Authors.

Corrigendum: Delayed diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Henan, China: An interrupted time series analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.881718.].

Spatio-Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Drivers of PM2.5 Pollution in Henan Province, Central China, before and during the COVID-19 Epidemic.

PM2.5 is the main cause of haze pollution, and studying its spatio-temporal distribution and driving factors can provide a scientific basis for prevention and control policies. Therefore, this study uses air quality monitoring information and socioeconomic data before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in 18 prefecture-level cities in Henan Province from 2017 to 2020, using spatial autocorrelation analysis, ArcGIS mapping, and the spatial autocorrelation analysis. ArcGIS mapping and the Durbin model were used to reveal the characteristics of PM2.5 pollution in Henan Province in terms of spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and analyze its causes. The results show that: (1) The annual average PM2.5 concentration in Henan Province fluctuates, but decreases from 2017 to 2020, and is higher in the north and lower in the south. (2) The PM2.5 concentrations in Henan Province in 2017-2020 are positively autocorrelated spatially, with an obvious spatial spillover effect. Areas characterized by a high concentration saw an increase between 2017 and 2019, and a decrease in 2020; values in low-concentration areas remained stable, and the spatial range showed a decreasing trend. (3) The coefficients of socio-economic factors that increased the PM2.5 concentration were construction output value > industrial electricity consumption > energy intensity; those with negative effects were: environmental regulation > green space coverage ratio > population density. Lastly, PM2.5 concentrations were negatively correlated with precipitation and temperature, and positively correlated with humidity. Traffic and production restrictions during the COVID-19 epidemic also improved air quality.

Application of the Freight Service Index: A Case Study in Henan Province

The transportation industry is closely related to the macroeconomic development. The transportation services index (TSI) can be used to measure the relationship between them. The freight services index in Henan Province (HNFSI) is proposed based on the TSI. The HNFSI index is used to analyze the correlation, the periodicity, and the impact of COVID-19 between the development of economic and transportation in Henan Province. The results show that the correlation coefficient between the HNFSI index and the Growth Rate of Industrial Added Value which represents trends in economic development, is 0.745. The freight transportation demand increases with a certain periodicity and regularity. Due to the influence of COVID-19, the HNFSI in January 2020 decreased by 37.7% compared to the same period of 2019, and decreased by 56.3% in February. However, after March 2020, the freight service is greatly improved. © ASCE.

Research on transmission pattern of SARS-CoV-2

Objective: Taking the three outbreaks caused by Delta variant (B.1.617.2) in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province and Zhengzhou, Henan Province as examples, to explore different transmission pattern of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and to provide basis for scientific prevention and control.

Analyses of the nucleic acids of SARS-CoV-2 from pharyngeal swabs and fecal specimens in COVID-19 patients and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected persons at different exposure times

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a public-health crisis worldwide. Accurate identification of the virus that causes COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, carriers of SARS-CoV-2, and infected people is crucial for the prevention and control of this pandemic. Detection of the nucleic acids (NAs) of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the main criteria for COVID-19 diagnosis. Pharyngeal swabs (PSs) and fecal specimens (FSs) tend to be positive for SARS-CoV-2. However, there have been no reports of differences in the detection results of SARS-CoV-2 NAs in PSs and FSs of COVID-19 patients and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected persons at different exposure times. Forty-six patients diagnosed with COVID 19 in Nanyang City, China, from 2 February to 17 February 2020 and 27 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected persons screened through epidemiologic history and PSs and FSs at different exposure times were evaluated through detection of SARS-CoV-2 NAs. COVID-19 patients and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected persons had the highest positive rate of NAs in PSs at week 2 and the highest positive rate for NAs in FSs at week 3. The positive rate of NAs in PSs was significantly higher than that of FSs (P < 0.05). The difference in the positive rate of NAs in PSs between the two groups at 1, 3, and 4 weeks was significant (P < 0.05). The difference in the positive rate of NM in FSs between the two groups at 1-4 weeks was not significant (P > 0.05). The time for SARS-CoV-2 NAs to test positive in FSs lagged behind that for SARS-CoV-2 NAs to test positive in PSs (P > 0.05). The time for SARS-CoV-2 NAs to test positive in the PSs and FSs of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected persons lagged behind that for COVID-19 patients (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the average cycle threshold (Ct) value of the ORFlab gene and N gene of PSs and FSs between COVID-19 patients and asymptomatic SARS-Cov-2 infected persons at each exposure time tested (P > 0.05). The more severe the COVID-19, the higher was the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 NAs in PSs and FSs, and the shorter was the time taken for SARS-CoV-2 NAs to test positive (P < 0.05). The re-positive rate of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected persons was 14.81% (4/27), higher than that of COVID-19 patients (6.52%;3/46), and the difference was significant (X2=8.193, P=0.016). Our study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 has a fecal mouth transmission route. The time taken for SARS-CoV-2 NM from FSs to turn positive lags behind that for SARS-CoV-2 NAs in PSs to turn positive, and the positive rate is lower. Test specimens should be selected according to different exposure times. Attention should he paid to younger asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected persons.

A VAR analysis for the impact of Covid-19 on egg price fluctuation in Henan province in China

The outbreak of the Covid-19 caused the emergence of many related pandemic prevention policies, which evidently influenced the demand and supply sides of the agricultural products and may therefore make the relative products’ price fluctuate. This paper chooses the egg price in Henan province in China as a detailed situation to do the empirical research by using vector autoregression model (VAR), and try to find out the relationship between egg price volatility and the number of indigenous confirmed Covid-19 cases, Granger causality Wald test is also used in order to test the causal relationship between these two factors. We find that the fluctuation of egg price in Henan province was not positively related to the number of confirmed pandemic cases, but has the positive relationship with the supply of the eggs. Our findings suggest local governments should place much emphasis on ensuring stability of the supply side of the agricultural products in times of crisis. © 2022 SPIE.

Recommendations for emergency management of rural major infectious diseases in non-epicenter areas: taking village B during COVID-19 as an example

This paper analyzed the key issues and challenges confronted in the governance of Village B in the non-epicenter area in rural areas of China during the COVID-19 pandemic. It clarified the weak points in the prevention and control of infectious diseases in Village B. A triple emergency management mechanism of "people-materials-environment" in rural areas should be established. It came up with constructive recommendations for scientifically and effectively responding to public health emergencies in rural non-epicenter areas, which is helpful to improve the rationality, legality and scientific effectiveness of the construction of emergency response mechanisms in rural areas.

Epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in Xinyang City, Henan Province. (Special Issue: Spatio-temporal dynamics analysis, risk assessment and emergency management for COVID-19 epidemic.) [Chinese]

Objective: To explore epidemic dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Xinyang City so as to provide scientific basis for optimizing the prevention and control strategies and evaluating the effects of intervention.

Delayed Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Henan, China: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.

Objective: To investigate the possible impact of lockdown policies on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients in Henan, China. Design Setting and Participants: We collected data from the Henan Cancer Hospital, affiliated with Zhengzhou University. The monthly numbers of inpatient admissions from January 2014 to December 2019 were used to forecast the number of inpatient admissions in 2020, which was then compared to the actual number of patients admitted during the pandemic to evaluate how the actual number diverges from this forecast. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Main Outcomes and Measures: For specific diagnoses, treatment modalities, and age groups, we compared the changes in monthly admissions after the pandemic with the forecasted changes from the model. Results: The observed overall monthly number of inpatient admissions decreased by 20.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 11.7-27.2%], 78.9% (95% CI, 77.3-80.4%), and 40.9% (95% CI, 35.6-45.5%) in January, February, and March 2020, respectively, as compared with those predicted using the ARIMA model. After the lockdown, visits for all treatment modalities decreased sharply. However, apparent compensation and recovery of the backlog appeared in later surgeries. As a result, the number of patients who underwent surgery in 2020 (30,478) was close to the number forecasted by the ARIMA model (30,185). In the same period, patients who received other treatments or underwent examinations were 106,074 and 36,968, respectively; the respective numbers that were forecasted by ARIMA were 127,775 and 60,025, respectively. These findings depict a decrease of 16.9 and 38.4% in patients who received other treatments or underwent examinations only, respectively. Regarding diagnosis, the reported incidence of various cancers decreased dramatically in February, with varying extent and speed of recovery. Conclusion and Relevance: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly delayed the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in Henan, China. Long-term research should be conducted to assess the future effects of lockdown policies.

Simulation of prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic based on computer modeling

Taking Henan Province as the research object, this paper discusses the temporal and spatial distribution of COVID-19 and its spreading laws and characteristics. Through computer modeling and intelligent fitting, the Moran'I and Moran's I exponential distributions are obtained to describe the global space and local space density. Establish SEIRD model and use simulated annealing algorithm to predict its development trend. At the same time, taking into account the development of the epidemic and the infection rate under different conditions, as well as the local testing capabilities and testing costs, combined with mathematical expectations, design a reasonable virus testing program. © 2021 IEEE.

The strategies of "early detection, early report, early assessment, and early control" in vector prevention and control

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the social prevention and control measures of "early detection, early report, early isolation, and early treatment" have been widely used in the public health field and are widely accepted by the general public. In the practice of integrated vector management, Henan province gives full play to the advantages of mobilization and coordination of the Patriotic Health Campaign, establishes a work path of "early detection, early report, early assessment, and early control", the strategies of "four early". It defines the responsibilities of government, departments, territories, and individuals, and clarifies the working concepts of integrated vector management, which helps to form societal forces and promote the development of vector control in Henan province. This article analyzes the strategies of "four early" in integrated vector management in Henan province, in order to provide a reference for vector management strategies in China.

Sensitivity of Fusarium pseudograminearum isolates to fludioxonil in Henan Province, China

Wheat crown rot caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum has become an important soilborne disease and affects the quality and yield of wheat. In order to detect the sensitivity of F. pseudograminearum to fludioxonil in Henan Province, China, 105 isolates of F. pseudograminearum were collected from six cities in 2019. Sensitivity was determined by the mycelial growth rate method, then the methods of least-significant difference (LSD) and SPSS cluster were used for result analysis. The sensitivity of F. pseudograminearum to carbendazim and tebuconazole was determined and the correlation coefficient which existed between fludioxonil and the two fungicides, carbendazim and tebuconazole was analyzed. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fludioxonil was 0.240 0 μg/mL. The sensitivity frequency distribution was a continuous single peak curve, and the EC50 value ranged from 0.002 7 to 0.047 0 μg/mL. The average EC50 value of (0.026 3 ± 0.010 1) μg/mL, could be used as the sensitivity baseline of the pathogen to fludioxonil. The variance analysis results showed that the sensitivity of the different cities to fludioxonil was different, and the EC50 value ranged from 0.015 0 to 0.033 5 μg/mL. The maximum EC50 value of the isolate from Zhongmu County Zhengzhou City was 16.78 times bigger than the minimum value. Cluster analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the sensitivity of isolates to fludioxonil and their geographical origin. The mean EC50 values of carbendazimand tebuconazole against the pathogens were (0.788 1 ± 0.315 3) μg/mL and (0.088 6 ± 0.145 3) μg/mL, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the sensitivity of the isolates to fludioxonil, carbendazim and tebuconazole. The results of greenhouse trials showed that the control efficacy of fludioxonil suspension seed coat agent could reach 58.00% (75.0 μg a.i/g) in 2020 and 63.69% (50.0 μg a.i/g) in 2021 when used to treat wheat as a seed dressing agent. The results of this study provide the basis for the rational use of fludioxonil in the control of wheat crown rot and provide information for monitoring the sensitivity of pathogenic fungi to fungicides. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] 由假禾谷镰刀菌 Fusarium pseudograminearum 引起的小麦茎基腐病已成为重要的土传 病害,并且影响小麦的品质和产量。为了明确中国河南省假禾谷镰刀菌对咯菌腈的敏感性，采用 菌丝生长速率法测定了咯菌腈对 2019 年从河南省 6 个地市分离的 105 株假禾谷镰刀菌 F. pseudograminearum 的敏感性，通过最小显著差异法 (LSD) 和 SPSS 聚类方法对测定结果进行了 分析，并测定了假禾谷镰刀菌对多菌灵和戊唑醇的敏感性，分析了咯菌腈与这两种杀菌剂毒力 的相关性。结果表明：咯菌腈对供试菌株的最低抑制浓度 (MIC) 为 0.240 0 μg/mL。敏感性频率 分布图显示，EC50 值范围在 0.002 7~0.047 0 μg/mL，敏感性差异达 17.41 倍；敏感性频率分布 为连续单峰曲线，平均 EC50 值为 (0.026 3 ± 0.010 1) μg/mL，可作为假禾谷镰刀菌对咯菌腈的敏 感性基线。方差分析结果显示，不同县市的小麦假禾谷镰刀菌对咯菌腈的敏感性差异较大， EC50 值变化范围为 0.015 0~0.033 5 μg/mL，其中咯菌腈对郑州中牟的敏感性最低和最高菌株的 EC50 值相差 16.78 倍。聚类分析结果显示，河南省小麦茎基腐病菌菌株对咯菌腈敏感性差异与 菌株的地理来源无明显关联性。多菌灵和戊唑醇对病菌的平均 EC50 值分别为 (0.788 1 ± 0.315 3) μg/mL 和 (0.088 6 ± 0.145 3) μg/mL。病菌对咯菌腈与其对多菌灵和戊唑醇的敏感性之间无明显 相关性。温室防效结果显示，用咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂对小麦进行拌种处理，2020 年 (咯菌腈有效 成分为 75.0 μg/g) 对小麦茎基腐病的防治效果可达 58.00%，2021 年 (咯菌腈有效成分为 50.0 μg/g) 的防治效果可达到 63.69%。本研究结果可为咯菌腈在小麦茎基腐病防治中的合理使用提供依 据，为病原菌对药剂的敏感性监测提供参考。 (Chinese) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Sensitivity of the isolates of Fusarium pseudograminearum to carbendazim in Henan Province.

Wheat stem rot caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum has become the main disease in Huang-Huai wheat area, which poses a great threat to the stable and high yield of wheat. In order to detect the sensitivity to carbendazim of F. pseudograminearum causing wheat stembase rot in Henan Province, China, 90 isolates of were collected from 8 counties in 2019, the inhibitory activities of these isolates were determined by mycelial growth rate method. The results were analyzed by variance analysis and cluster analysis, and the sensitivity of tebuconazole and fludioxonil was also tested, to analyze the correlation efficient existed between carbendazim and the two fungicides, tebuconazole and fludioxonil. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of carbendazim was 2.4 μg/mL, the EC50 values ranged from 0.436 to 1.73 μg/mL, the maximum value was 3.98 times the minimum value, and the average EC50 value was (0.750 ± 0.291) μg/mL. The sensitivity frequency distribution map showed that although there were subpopulations with low sensitivity to multiple bacteria, there were still 61 strains tested within the corresponding main peak range, and the sensitivity frequency distribution was a continuous single peak curve, which could be used as the sensitivity baseline of the pathogen to carbendazim. The results of variance analysis showed that the sensitivity of the different county to carbendazim was less different, and the average EC50 value in different cities ranged from 0.604 μg/mL to 1.04 μg/mL, and the lowest and highest strains were Hongqi and Huixian from Xinxiang, respectively, with a difference of 1.72 times. The susceptibility of the strains to carbendazim was significantly different in the same city, and the difference of EC50 value was 3.98 times in Nanyang Neixiang. Cluster analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the sensitivity of F. pseudograminearum to carbendazem in Henan Province and their geographical origin. There was no significant correlation between the sensitivity of wheat stem rot pathogen to carbendazim and its sensitivity to tebuconazole and fludioxonil. The results of greenhouse control showed that 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be used for wheat seed dressing treatment and the highest control efficacy on wheat stem rot up to 76.66% when the treatment dosage was 3.90 mg/g. The results of this study laid a theoretical foundation for the chemical control of wheat stem rot with carbendazim and provide important information for the sensitivity monitoring of pathogenic bacteria to fungicides. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] 主要由假禾谷镰刀菌引起的小麦茎基腐病已蔓延成为黄淮麦区的主要病害,对小麦的 稳产、高产带来极大威胁.为了解河南省假禾谷镰刀菌对多菌灵的敏感性,采用菌丝生长速率 法测定了多菌灵对 2019 年从河南省 8 个地市分离的 90 株假禾谷镰刀菌的毒力;分别通过方差 分析法及聚类分析法对测定结果进行了分析,并研究了多菌灵与戊唑醇和咯菌腈对病菌毒力的 相关性.结果表明:多菌灵对供试菌株菌丝生长的最低抑制浓度为 2.4 μg/mL, EC50 值在 0.436~1.73 μg/mL 之间,最大值是最小值的 3.98 倍,平均 EC50 值为 (0.750±0.291) μg/mL;敏 感性频率分布图显示,尽管病菌群体中存在着对多菌灵敏感性较低的亚群体,但仍有 61 株供 试菌株位于相应的主峰范围内,敏感性频率分布仍为连续单峰曲线,可以将该值作为假禾谷镰 刀菌对多菌灵的敏感性基线.方差分析结果显示,不同地市菌株对多菌灵的敏感性差异较小, 各地市菌株平均 EC50 值变化范围为 0.604~1.04 μg/mL,最低和最高的分别为新乡红旗和新乡辉 县菌株,两者相差 1.72 倍;同一地市菌株对多菌灵的敏感性差异较大,其中南阳内乡菌株差异 最大,最不敏感菌株的 EC50 值是最敏感菌株的 3.98 倍.聚类分析结果显示,河南省假禾谷镰 刀菌对多菌灵的敏感性差异与菌株的地理来源无明显关联性.病菌对多菌灵与其对戊唑醇和咯 菌腈的敏感性之间无明显相关性.温室防效结果显示,用 50% 多菌灵可湿性粉剂拌种处理小麦 种子,对小麦茎基腐病可起到较好的防治效果,其中有效成分 3.90 mg/g 处理防效最高,可达 76.66%.本研究结果可为多菌灵对小麦茎基腐病的化学防治提供理论基础,为病原菌对药剂的 敏感性监测提供重要信息. (Chinese) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 From Mainland China With Newly Obtained Genomes From Henan Province.

Even though the COVID-19 epidemic in China has been successfully put under control within a few months, it is still very important to infer the origin time and genetic diversity from the perspective of the whole genome sequence of its agent, SARS-CoV-2. Yet, the sequence of the entire virus genome from China in the current public database is very unevenly distributed with reference to time and place of collection. In particular, only one sequence was obtained in Henan province, adjacent to China's worst-case province, Hubei Province. Herein, we used high-throughput sequencing techniques to get 19 whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from 18 severe patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, a provincial designated hospital for the treatment of severe COVID-19 cases in Henan province. The demographic, baseline, and clinical characteristics of these patients were described. To investigate the molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 of the current COVID-19 outbreak in China, 729 genome sequences (including 19 sequences from this study) sampled from Mainland China were analyzed with state-of-the-art comprehensive methods, including likelihood-mapping, split network, ML phylogenetic, and Bayesian time-scaled phylogenetic analyses. We estimated that the evolutionary rate and the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of SARS-CoV-2 from Mainland China were 9.25 × 10-4 substitutions per site per year (95% BCI: 6.75 × 10-4 to 1.28 × 10-3) and October 1, 2019 (95% BCI: August 22, 2019 to November 6, 2019), respectively. Our results contribute to studying the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 over time in Mainland China.

Epidemiological Investigation and Prevention Control Analysis of the Longitudinal Distribution of COVID-19 in Henan Province, China.

The objective was to analyze the longitudinal distribution, epidemiological characteristics, and local prevention and control measures of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in six cities in Henan Province, China, from 21 January 2020 to 17 June 2020: Xinyang City (including Gushi County), Nanyang City (including Dengzhou City), Zhumadian City (including Xincai County), Zhengzhou City (including Gongyi City), Puyang City, and Anyang City (including Hua County). Data were collected and analyzed through the COVID-19 information published on the official websites of the health commissions in the six selected cities of Henan Province. As of 17 June 2020, the cumulative incidence rate of COVID-19 in Henan Province was 1.33/100,000, the cumulative cure rate was 98.27%, the cumulative mortality rate was 1.73%, the age range of diagnosed cases was 5 days to 85 years old, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.09:1. The confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Henan Province were mainly imported cases from Hubei, accounting for 87.74% of all cases, of which the highest proportion was 70.50% in Zhumadian. The contact cases and local cases increased in a fluctuating manner over time. In this paper, epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Henan Province were analyzed from the onset of the outbreak to the effective control within 60 days, and effective and distinctive prevention and control measures in various cities were summarized to provide a favorable useful reference for the further formulation and implementation of epidemic prevention and control and a valuable theoretical basis for effectively avoiding a second outbreak.IMPORTANCE Epidemic prevention and control in China have entered a new stage of normalization. This article analyzes the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Henan Province and summarizes the effective disease prevention and control means and measures at the prefecture level; the normalized private data provide a theoretical reference for the formulation and conduct of future prevention and control work. At the same time, these epidemic prevention and control findings can also be used for reference in other countries and regions.

Application and Preliminary Outcomes of Remote Diagnosis and Treatment During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in the self-quarantine of countless people due to possible infection. This situation makes telemedicine necessary as it can overcome geographical barriers, increase the number of people served, and provide online clinical support for patients. However, the outcomes of telemedicine have not yet been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to describe the epidemiological features and clinical symptoms of patients receiving remote diagnosis and treatment at the online outpatient clinic of our hospital, as well as to analyze the outcomes and advantages of telemedicine, during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Data from patients receiving remote diagnosis and treatment via consultation services for COVID-19 concerns at the online outpatient clinic of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 24 to February 17, 2020, were collected. A retrospective analysis was performed on epidemiological features, clinical symptoms, and preliminary outcomes. RESULTS: Online inquiry, consultation, and suggestions were provided for patient concerns related to COVID-19. Our hospital also offered offline noncontact drug delivery services following online ordering and payment. A total of 4589 patients receiving remote diagnosis and treatment were recruited. The daily number of online outpatient visits initially increased and then decreased, reaching its peak on January 28 when the daily number of online outpatient visits totaled 612. Of 4589 patients, 1940 (42.3%) were males and 2649 (57.7%) were females (age range: 78 days to 85 years). Most patients were aged 20-39 years (n=3714, 80.9%) and came from Henan Province (n=3898, 84.9%). The number of patients from other provinces was 691 (15.1%). During the online consultations, patients discussed the following symptoms: fever (n=2383), cough (n=1740), nasal obstruction (n=794), fatigue (n=503), and diarrhea (n=276). A total of 873 orders of noncontact drug delivery following online payment was completed. The daily number of such orders gradually stabilized after the initial, steady increase. For offline drug delivery orders, the median (IQR) was 36 (58). An online satisfaction survey was filled out postconsultation by patients; of the 985 responses received, 98.1% (n=966) of respondents were satisfied with the service they received. CONCLUSIONS: Remote diagnosis and treatment offered via online outpatient consultations effectively reduced the burden on hospitals, prevented overcrowding, reduced the risk of cross-infection, and relieved patients' anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak. This plays an essential role in pandemic management.